exploitation$26800$ - ترجمة إلى اليونانية
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exploitation$26800$ - ترجمة إلى اليونانية

EXPLOITIVE BEHAVIOR IN BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
Exploitation (biology)
  • Fish cleaned by smaller cleaner wrasses on Hawaiian reefs
  • A nest of naked mole rats
  • Nitrogen-fixing nodules in legumes
  • Stalked slime mould fruiting bodies
  • Wasp nest, with some larvae

exploitation      
n. εκμετάλλευση, καπηλεία
natural selection         
  • resistance to antibiotics]] grows through the survival of individuals less affected by the antibiotic. Their offspring inherit the resistance.
  • [[Aristotle]] considered whether different forms could have appeared, only the useful ones surviving.
  • pages=66–67}}</ref>
  • 1: [[directional selection]]: a single extreme [[phenotype]] favoured.<br>2, [[stabilizing selection]]: intermediate favoured over extremes.<br>3: disruptive selection: extremes favoured over intermediate.<br>X-axis: [[phenotypic trait]]<br>Y-axis: number of organisms<br>Group A: original population<br>Group B: after selection
  • Pouters]] (14) by [[selective breeding]].
  • morph]] of the [[peppered moth]] largely replaced the formerly usual light morph (both shown here). Since the moths are subject to [[predation]] by birds hunting by sight, the colour change offers better [[camouflage]] against the changed background, suggesting natural selection at work.
  • life cycle stage]] of a sexually reproducing organism.<ref name=Christiansen1984/>
  • Essay on the Principle of Population]]'', 6th edition, 1826
  • coloration]] through [[mate choice]] by females over many generations.
DIFFERENTIAL SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION OF INDIVIDUALS DUE TO DIFFERENCES IN PHENOTYPE; A KEY MECHANISM OF EVOLUTION
Natural Selection; Darwinian selection; Selection (biology); Evolutive pressure; Evolution by natural selection; Differential reproduction; Variation and selection; Variation and Selection; Natural enemies; Darwinian Selection; Exploitation competition; Natural Select; Natural selection theory; Viability selection; Theory of natural selection; Selection of the fittest; Theory of evolution by natural selection; Ecological competitor; Evolutionary selection; Competition of resources; Random-bred; Naturally selected; Selection (genetics); Selection (evolutionary biology); Selection (evolution); Pre-Darwinian evolution; Darwinian struggle; Viable material
φυσική επιλογή
oil well         
  • Well Casing
  • Early oil field exploitation in Pennsylvania, around 1862
  • Galician]] oil wells
  • Lost Hills Field]], California, US.
  • A schematic of a typical oil well being produced by a [[pumpjack]], which is used to produce the remaining recoverable oil after natural pressure is no longer sufficient to raise oil to the surface
  • Raising the derrick
  • An annotated schematic of an oil well during a drilling phase
WELL DRILLED IN THE GROUND OR THE SEABED TO RECOVER HYDROCARBONS
Oil drill; Oil drilling; Oil wells; Drilling for Oil; Oilwell; Gas well; Oil and gas well drilling; Oil and gas field exploitation; Drilling (oil); Oil and gas well completion; Oil Well; Make a connection; Making a connection; Oil and gas drilling; Problems in oil well drilling; Oil Well Drilling Problems; Petroleum well; Oil driller; Oil field development
πετρελαιοπηγή

تعريف

exploitation
n.
[Recent.] Exploiting. See the verb.

ويكيبيديا

Cheating (biology)

Cheating is a term used in behavioral ecology and ethology to describe behavior whereby organisms receive a benefit at the cost of other organisms. Cheating is common in many mutualistic and altruistic relationships. A cheater is an individual who does not cooperate (or cooperates less than their fair share) but can potentially gain the benefit from others cooperating. Cheaters are also those who selfishly use common resources to maximize their individual fitness at the expense of a group. Natural selection favors cheating, but there are mechanisms to regulate it. The stress gradient hypothesis states that facilitation, cooperation or mutualism should be more common in stressful environments, while cheating, competition or parasitms are common in benign environments (i.e nutrient excess).